ABSTRACT
This
project focuses on Motivating Employee through Non-Monetary Incentive (A Case
Study of First Bank Nig. Plc, Bida Branch). Several textbooks were consulted
for this work in order to know the various means of Motivating Employees
through Non-Monetary Incentives. In the course of the research work, the
researcher made use of questionnaires to gather information which were well
analyzed and interpreted using statistical package for social science (SPSS).
In the course of this research work, it was discovered that money alone does
not motivate employee. This research work provides recommendation such as
recognition, job security, a good working condition, promotion, training and
development opportunity as well as increase in worker’s salary and wages to the
management which will increase their performance and improve productivity.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As
a matter of fact, all activities performed within an organization are goal
directed and therefore the creation of an organization also has a purpose. The
initiators/founders of the organization have their own objectives in mind and
intend to use the organization as an instrument to achieve those objectives. So
also, every individual have goals for joining an organization. To achieve these
goals, will be quite difficult without knowing
what motivate people to work. Any planning and organizing that will not
or does not include adequate compensation for workers might lead to
disinterest, frustration and boredom at work, this result to low productivity,
high labour turnover, absenteeism, poor labour management relationship and
counterproductive behavior can often have their roots dues to poor motivation
of employee.
The
researcher is motivated to work on this topic because whenever a question is
being asked on what motivated people or worker to put in their best to enhance
effective output of an organization, the first thing that come into one’s mind
will be through monetary measure. And since it has been the believe of maturity
of people that it’s only through monetary terms that workers in an organization
can be motivated, the researcher finds it interesting to find out other means
through which workers can be motivated i.e. non-monetary means and which make
workers to put in their best, willingness to work so as to enhance effective
and efficient output of the organization in which they belong.
Researching
on how to motivate workers in an organization through non-monetary means is
also interesting in the sense that the mentality of people will totally be
changed from only the motivation through monetary means which usually leads to
dubious act such as cheating, stealing, embezzlement, to maintain just a few
that occurs in our organization today, with the intention of pleasing the
worker so as to put in their best to the growth and achievement of the
organization’s goals.
The
researcher believe that at the end of this work, a prefer solution will be
found which will help the top management of an organization to motivate their
worker through a non-monetary means of motivation, because the money set aside
for the motivation of the workers could equally be invested into the
organization for growth and diversification.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There
has been a controversy among management scientist as to whether motivation has
any significant relationship with workers performance. Therefore, there is a
need for a research into the problems of motivation in respect to employee
performance and some of these problems are;
i.
The causes of employees low performance in an
organization.
ii.
What motivate one person may not be a
motivator to another person.
iii.
An effort to provide a motivate not related
to need would have zero result. For instance where a person wants a promotion
and he is not promoted, it shows that his need has been frustrated.
iv.
An individual’s motives and needs are both
complex and conflicting.
1.3 STATEMENT OF OBEJCTIVES
The
basic objective of this study is to examine the obstacle to effective
motivation of workers in the public service. To also examine the various ways
in which labour force could be motivated and the extent of incentive schemes in
any organization.
It
will also help students and managers to know these incentive schemes and how to
apply them to achieve maximum productivity. To find out the effect of the
various forms of motivational techniques that are available and how they can be
applied. Lastly, to come up with recommendation with a view to improve workers
performance through motivations.
1.4 RESEARCH QUETSIONS
The
following are the research questions which may serve as a guide to solve the
research problems. The researcher’s concern is to find answers to the following
questions;
i.
Are there ways which performance can be
rewarded satisfactorily apart from monetary reward?
ii.
How does money affect employees performance
when use as the only source of motivation and where it is not flowing as
expected?
iii.
Which non-financial factors motivate
employees to increase their performance?
iv.
Why do some workers in an organization
perform better than others?
v.
Are non-monetary rewards cheaper when
compared to monetary reward?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
In
finding solution to the problems at hand, hypothesis have been formulated based
on the researchers observations, where Ho stands for Null hypothesis, H1 stands
for true hypothesis or alternative.
Ho: Money
alone does not motivate employee.
H1: Money
alone does motivate employees.
Ho: Job security
and good working condition does not increase employee’s performance.
H1: Job security
and good working condition increase employee performance.
Ho: Lack of
promotion is not an obstacle to staff motivation
Hi: Lack of
promotion is an obstacle to motivation.
Ho: Opportunity
to fulfill higher level needs does not improve performance.
Hi: Opportunity
to fulfill higher level needs improve performance.
1.6 NEEDS AND SIGNIFICANCES OF THE STUDY
There
is a great need for this study in order to find or identify the problems
associated with workers performance and how problems affect the organization’s
level of performance.
The
research work will be benefited to managers in choosing appropriate incentive
scheme in an organization knowing its effect on motivation.
In
addition, it will also offer valuable drive to both students and managers in
analyzing what exactly motivates workers to work enthusiastically and various
motivation techniques that can be applied.
Lastly,
this research work will be useful to anyone who intend to carry out further
study on this similar or relevant topic. This work will serve as good helping
material which will provide other researcher with necessary and important
information about motivating employee through non-monetary incentive.
1.7 LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
To
carry out this research effectively, first bank of Nigeria Plc has been taken
as case study.
The
research work of this nature cannot be conducted without being confounded with
one problem or the other, this form the basis of limitation.
The
researcher face the problem of refusal of the staff of First Bank Nig Plc to
release certain information for the purpose of keeping the organization’s
information as confidential. Financial
and time constraints posed a limitation to this research work.
The
time constraint is as a result of combing lectures and tests with carrying out
the research work. The financial and time constraints prompt the researcher to
browse and consult textbooks for the purpose of obtaining more relevant
information.
DELIMITATION
This research work is
focused on motivating employees through non-monetary incentive. Due to
insufficient time, the researcher will restrict herself to Bida Branch of First
Bank Nig. Plc. Also, the questionnaire shall be administered in this bank.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Motivation:
According to Cole, it is a term use in describing those processes, both
incentive and rational by which people seek to satisfy their basic drives,
perceived needs and personal goal which are higher to human behaviour.
Non-monetary
Incentive: This can be seen as element of non-monetary payments or
reward linked to working group as a result of prior recognition of meaning of
work and the challenge of work to achieve sound motivation.
Needs:
Needs
are created whenever there is a psychological imbalance. For instance a need
for food and water or when a human personality is deprived of either person who
serves as a friend or companion.
Performance:
This
represents the pragmatic result that the organization is able to measure
objectivity. Performance depends not only on the amount of effort exerted but
also on the role they should take.
Effort:
This
referred to the amount of energy exerted by an employee on a given task. Effort
is not the same as performance, effort is associated with motivation.
Goals:
A goal is the result that one is attempting to
achieve.